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<p>To support the global transition from fossil fuel to cleaner energy sources, this study conducts the techno-economic analyses of four hybrid energy systems: Grid/photovoltaic (PV)/Hydro, PV/Hydro, Grid/Hydro, and Grid/PV for sustainable rural electrification in Nigeria. While hybrid energy systems using solar PV, wind, and diesel have attracted credible attention, this work highlights the untapped potential of run-of-river hydro-power, a carbon-free resource with widespread networks across the globe. The analyses using the HOMER pro software tool incorporated the incessant utility grid interruption characteristics of developing countries. Results reveal that the hybrid Grid/PV/Hydro system is optimal in meeting the community’s electricity demand of 2,822.20 kWh/day at the lowest net present cost of $9,160,308.00 and levelized cost of energy of $0.13/kWh. The micro-hydro power plants, solar PV, and grid, respectively, contribute 80.90%, 12.4%, and 6.76% of the total electricity generation by the system. While the Grid/PV system is emission-free, the CO<sub>2</sub> emission of the optimal system is 55.46% and 0.09% of Grid/Hydro and Grid/PV systems, respectively. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the river flow rates, discount rates, inflation rates, and load demand significantly impact the optimal system’s economics, in contrast to the capacities of the components, electricity generation, and operating strategy. This study is a worthwhile framework for policy makers and renewable energy developers for mitigating the twin issues of energy poverty and carbon emissions plaguing the world, particularly the developing economies.</p>

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Grid-connected hydro–solar hybrid systems for low-carbon energy transition: a techno-economic assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Usman Alhaji Dodo,
  • Mustapha Alhaji Dodo,
  • A. F. Shehu,
  • Abdulkadir Adamu,
  • Ahmed Mohammed Saba,
  • Amina Batagarawa,
  • Abubakar Sadiq Isah

摘要

To support the global transition from fossil fuel to cleaner energy sources, this study conducts the techno-economic analyses of four hybrid energy systems: Grid/photovoltaic (PV)/Hydro, PV/Hydro, Grid/Hydro, and Grid/PV for sustainable rural electrification in Nigeria. While hybrid energy systems using solar PV, wind, and diesel have attracted credible attention, this work highlights the untapped potential of run-of-river hydro-power, a carbon-free resource with widespread networks across the globe. The analyses using the HOMER pro software tool incorporated the incessant utility grid interruption characteristics of developing countries. Results reveal that the hybrid Grid/PV/Hydro system is optimal in meeting the community’s electricity demand of 2,822.20 kWh/day at the lowest net present cost of $9,160,308.00 and levelized cost of energy of $0.13/kWh. The micro-hydro power plants, solar PV, and grid, respectively, contribute 80.90%, 12.4%, and 6.76% of the total electricity generation by the system. While the Grid/PV system is emission-free, the CO2 emission of the optimal system is 55.46% and 0.09% of Grid/Hydro and Grid/PV systems, respectively. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the river flow rates, discount rates, inflation rates, and load demand significantly impact the optimal system’s economics, in contrast to the capacities of the components, electricity generation, and operating strategy. This study is a worthwhile framework for policy makers and renewable energy developers for mitigating the twin issues of energy poverty and carbon emissions plaguing the world, particularly the developing economies.