<p>As urbanization continues to advance, ecological problems have become increasingly severe. Achieving coordinated development between new-type urbanization (NTU) and ecological resilience (ER) is crucial for sustainable development. This study, based on data from 21 cities in Guangdong Province, China, from 2014 to 2023, first calculates the NTU index and the ER index. It then reveals the level and state of their coordinated development using an improved coupling coordination degree model and a relative development index. Subsequently, it employs a spatial autocorrelation model and a modified gravity model to explore the spatial correlation and the intensity of spatial associations of the coordinated development level. Finally, an obstacle degree model is used to identify the key hindering factors. The main findings include: (1) The level of coupling coordination shows an upward trend, with the coordinated development stage transitioning from a low-level antagonistic stage to a low-level run-in stage. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is predominantly characterized by ecological resilience lag, whereas other regions are mainly characterized by urbanization lag. (2) The level of coupling coordination exhibits a positive spatial correlation, and its overall spatial association intensity follows a pattern of “rapid enhancement in the core area of the Pearl River Delta and slow enhancement in other regions.” (3) Social urbanization and pressure resilience are the core obstructive factors. This paper argues that guiding urbanization with green development, strengthening ecological governance, and improving regional coordination mechanisms are the core strategies for Guangdong Province to achieve sustainable development.</p>