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<p>Identifying and prioritizing soil erosion hotspots is essential for the sustainable management of land and water resources at the basin scale. The Damodar River Basin (DRB), located within the Ganges River system, was chosen in this study to prioritize sub-watersheds with the primary objective of identifying the most vulnerable regions to soil erosion and flood susceptibility for sustainable development of the DRB. It has been delineated using the SWAT model and further divided into seven sub-watersheds (SW_1 to SW_7). This study employed multi-analytical approaches like morphometric analysis (MA), principal component analysis (PCA), three multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches (TOPSIS, WSM, WPM), hypsometric integral (HI), and land use land cover (LULC) analysis to prioritize and rank the sub-watersheds. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-30&#xa0;m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to calculate twenty-two morphometric parameters in ArcGIS 10.4.1 environment, whereas PCA technique identified twelve highly correlated parameters for the ranking of sub-watershed. The results showed that sub-watershed (SW_3) was ranked the highest priority after being evaluated using MA, PCA, and MCDM approaches among seven sub-watersheds. Three land use classes were analyzed to prioritize the sub-watersheds and SW_3 and SW_2 were obtained the highest and equal rank using the LULC approach. The hypsometric integral (HI) analysis classified the sub-watersheds into three priority categories viz., low (SW_1 and SW_7), medium and high (SW_2, SW_3, SW_4, SW_5 and SW_6). The assessment and comparison of the multi-analytical approaches using per cent change of variation (∆P) and intensity of variation (∆I) indicated that WSM and WPM (∆<i>P</i> = 53.06) and WSM (∆I = 7.71) were the most accurate methods for prioritizing sub-watersheds. Based on the common ranking of the applied approaches, sub-watershed SW_3 was achieved the highest priority (Rank 1) and should be treated first by implementing conservation practices. These findings provide a scientific prioritization, helping policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to implement effective land and water management strategies in high-priority sub-watersheds promoting sustainable practices that mitigate environmental degradation.</p>

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Sub-watershed prioritization for sustainable development of the Damodar river basin using morphometric, LULC, and hypsometric analysis through MCDM and PCA approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Prashant Shukla,
  • Dhirendra Kumar Singh,
  • Jitendra Rajput,
  • Anil Kumar Mishra,
  • Vijay Kumar Prajapati,
  • Amrender Kumar

摘要

Identifying and prioritizing soil erosion hotspots is essential for the sustainable management of land and water resources at the basin scale. The Damodar River Basin (DRB), located within the Ganges River system, was chosen in this study to prioritize sub-watersheds with the primary objective of identifying the most vulnerable regions to soil erosion and flood susceptibility for sustainable development of the DRB. It has been delineated using the SWAT model and further divided into seven sub-watersheds (SW_1 to SW_7). This study employed multi-analytical approaches like morphometric analysis (MA), principal component analysis (PCA), three multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches (TOPSIS, WSM, WPM), hypsometric integral (HI), and land use land cover (LULC) analysis to prioritize and rank the sub-watersheds. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)-30 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to calculate twenty-two morphometric parameters in ArcGIS 10.4.1 environment, whereas PCA technique identified twelve highly correlated parameters for the ranking of sub-watershed. The results showed that sub-watershed (SW_3) was ranked the highest priority after being evaluated using MA, PCA, and MCDM approaches among seven sub-watersheds. Three land use classes were analyzed to prioritize the sub-watersheds and SW_3 and SW_2 were obtained the highest and equal rank using the LULC approach. The hypsometric integral (HI) analysis classified the sub-watersheds into three priority categories viz., low (SW_1 and SW_7), medium and high (SW_2, SW_3, SW_4, SW_5 and SW_6). The assessment and comparison of the multi-analytical approaches using per cent change of variation (∆P) and intensity of variation (∆I) indicated that WSM and WPM (∆P = 53.06) and WSM (∆I = 7.71) were the most accurate methods for prioritizing sub-watersheds. Based on the common ranking of the applied approaches, sub-watershed SW_3 was achieved the highest priority (Rank 1) and should be treated first by implementing conservation practices. These findings provide a scientific prioritization, helping policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to implement effective land and water management strategies in high-priority sub-watersheds promoting sustainable practices that mitigate environmental degradation.