Managing sustainable agricultural supply chains in smart cities with IoT and blockchain
摘要
Current agricultural supply chains face significant challenges, including fragmented data, security risks, and poor traceability. Centralized systems exacerbate vulnerabilities to data manipulation, transaction delays, and operational opacity, creating an urgent need for a secure and transparent management paradigm to ensure sustainability and food security in smart cities. This study developed a blockchain-based framework utilizing a distributed ledger and Internet of Things sensors to collect and immutably store real-time agricultural data. Smart contracts automate compliance and payments, while cryptographic techniques secure sensitive information. The implemented system demonstrated a 35% faster transaction validation, 28% quicker data access, 40% lower risk of unauthorized data changes, and 98% traceability accuracy. The solution significantly reduces food waste by 25% and boosts operational efficiency by 20%, demonstrating strong commercial viability and positive environmental impact. These findings confirm that integrating blockchain and Internet of Things technologies transforms agricultural supply chains by enhancing transparency, minimizing resource loss, and strengthening sustainability.