Total factor energy efficiency in china’s provincial industries under dual heterogeneity: a modified three-level meta-frontier SBM approach
摘要
China is at a critical stage of energy transition, and improving total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) is an important way to achieve low-carbon development. However, there are significant inter-provincial and industrial differences. Given the regional and industrial heterogeneity, i.e., dual heterogeneity, this study employs a modified three-level meta-frontier slack-based model to analyze the TFEE and energy-saving potential of the three industries from 2001 to 2020 across Chinese provinces. This modified method makes the technology gap rate (TGR) results free from anomalies without changing the original definition of TGR and the order of calculation. In addition, this method does not present infeasible solutions. The empirical results show that: First, China’s TFEE has remained low relatively stable overall and shows a fluctuating downward trend until 2018. Second, the eastern region and the primary industry have a higher regional and industrial TGR, as well as TFEE. Finally, although eastern region’s TFEE is greater than that of the other regions, the huge amount of energy input makes its energy-saving potential greater than any other region. Each region and industry should develop appropriate measures to improve TFEE according to their own situation.