<p>The study of the impact of rural digitalization (RD) on the coordinated development of the rural environment and economic system (REES) aims to promote economic diversification, sustainable development, improvement of environmental governance levels, and enhancement of self-development capabilities. Based on existing theories and achievements, the article first constructs an evaluation index system for the coordinated development of REES and RD. It then selects panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2011 to 2022, and comprehensively applies the entropy method, coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and bidirectional fixed effect model to systematically assess the development levels and direct impact effects of both. Endogeneity, robustness and heterogeneity tests were conducted simultaneously. By further adopting the mediating effect, moderating effect and threshold effect models, the role mechanisms of agricultural technological innovation (ATI), industrial structure upgrading (ISU), rural environmental regulation (RER) and rural human capital (RHC) therein were identified. The research findings show that during the sample period, both the level of RD and the level of coordinated development of REES have continued to improve, and there is a significant positive correlation between the two. The RD has a stable promoting effect on coordinated development of REES, and there is regional, policy and functional heterogeneity. Among them, the effect is the strongest in the central region, followed by the eastern region, and the smallest in the western region. The policy implementation intensity is high and the promoting effect is more significant in major grain-producing areas. Mechanism tests show that ATI and ISU jointly play a mediating role, RER has a positive regulatory effect, and there is a single threshold effect for RHC.</p>