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<p>Taking the Chinese river chief system (RCS) as an entry point, this study investigates the influence of the “soft” policy instruments and “hard” engineering facilities configuration structure on the water resources governance effectiveness. Based on the social-ecological system theory (SES) and the RCS’s governance data in Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and Yunnan provinces, from 2017 to 2021, the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify the governance instrument structures that have high governance effect, and the system dynamics (SD) model was used to reveal their dynamic evolution. Findings: (1) There are 4 types of efficient governance instrument structures: The voluntary-wastewater treatment facility (VWTF), the mixed-wastewater treatment facility (MWTF), the voluntary-water supply facility-wastewater treatment facility (VWSF), and the mandatory-mixed-water supply facility-wastewater treatment facility (MMWSF). With the exception of the MMWSF, the remaining 3 structures have produced high governance effects; (2) Under the 30% water supply and 70% wastewater treatment facility structure, focusing on mixed policy instruments structures has a better effect; (3) Under the 20% mandatory, 30% mixed and 50% voluntary policy instruments structures, a balanced emphasis water supply facilities and wastewater treatment facilities structures has a better effect. This study can provide theoretical references for optimizing the structure of water resources governance instruments. Suggested that the organic structural of policy instruments and engineering facilities should be achieved, mandatory, mixed, and voluntary policy instruments should be implemented in phases, and the balanced of water supply and wastewater treatment facilities should be promoted.</p>

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“Soft” and “Hard” governance instrument configuration structures and water governance effectiveness: a case study of the river chief system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月30日

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  • Haijiao Du,
  • Qunzhao Deng,
  • Jintao Li,
  • Zhijian Wu,
  • Bofu Zheng,
  • Han Liang

摘要

Taking the Chinese river chief system (RCS) as an entry point, this study investigates the influence of the “soft” policy instruments and “hard” engineering facilities configuration structure on the water resources governance effectiveness. Based on the social-ecological system theory (SES) and the RCS’s governance data in Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian and Yunnan provinces, from 2017 to 2021, the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to identify the governance instrument structures that have high governance effect, and the system dynamics (SD) model was used to reveal their dynamic evolution. Findings: (1) There are 4 types of efficient governance instrument structures: The voluntary-wastewater treatment facility (VWTF), the mixed-wastewater treatment facility (MWTF), the voluntary-water supply facility-wastewater treatment facility (VWSF), and the mandatory-mixed-water supply facility-wastewater treatment facility (MMWSF). With the exception of the MMWSF, the remaining 3 structures have produced high governance effects; (2) Under the 30% water supply and 70% wastewater treatment facility structure, focusing on mixed policy instruments structures has a better effect; (3) Under the 20% mandatory, 30% mixed and 50% voluntary policy instruments structures, a balanced emphasis water supply facilities and wastewater treatment facilities structures has a better effect. This study can provide theoretical references for optimizing the structure of water resources governance instruments. Suggested that the organic structural of policy instruments and engineering facilities should be achieved, mandatory, mixed, and voluntary policy instruments should be implemented in phases, and the balanced of water supply and wastewater treatment facilities should be promoted.