<p>The coordinated development of urban economic resilience and environmental resilience is crucial to achieving sustainable development. Previous studies have largely evaluated these two dimensions in isolation, their coupling interactions remain unclear. This study incorporates resilience as a key variable into Environmental Kuznets Curve framework, expanding the traditional “growth-pollution” paradigm. Using a multi-dimensional analytical approach, we examine the regional disparities, dynamic evolution, and driving factors of the coordination between economic resilience and environmental resilience in Chinese cities. Results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic resilience and environmental resilience, alongside a significant convergence trend in economic-environmental resilience coordination over time. Although economic-environmental resilience coordination levels have improved nationally, substantial regional disparities persist. Spatial analysis shows that resilience coordination hot spots have expanded from the Eastern to the Central regions, while cold spots remain concentrated in the Western and Northeastern regions. Furthermore, a Markov chain analysis provides dynamic evidence of path dependence and spatial lock-in effects, which helps explain the persistence of a “low-resilience trap” in certain areas. Finally, our analysis of driving factors identifies human capital and urban innovation as key positive drivers of resilience coordination. These findings offer important implications for promoting economic-environmental synergy and balanced regional development in China’s pursuit of sustainable urbanization.</p>