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<p>Under China’s “dual-carbon” strategy and ecological civilization drive, green technology innovation (GTI) is a key driver of high-quality development. To accurately evaluate provincial performance, this study develops an improved three-stage slack measure with super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (three-stage SBM-SE-DEA) model, which eliminates the effects of external environmental and stochastic factors to measure the true green technology innovation efficiency (TGTIE) of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2022. In addition, a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) analysis identifies the key external mechanisms influencing TGTIE. On this basis, the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and innovation patterns of TGTIE are examined. The results reveal that China’s overall TGTIE increased from 0.71 (nominal) to 0.77 (true), with the North West (+ 27.1%) and South West (+ 14.7%) exhibiting substantial improvements, while environmentally dependent regions such as South China (− 5.15%) experienced moderate efficiency declines. Temporally, national TGTIE evolved through a process of “fluctuating convergence—steady improvement—high-level stabilization,” reflecting growing innovation resilience. Spatially, an “east-high, west-low” gradient persists, although the gap has gradually narrowed. Intra-regional disparities remain evident. Finally, four distinct innovation patterns—“High input &amp; High efficiency,” “Low input &amp; High efficiency,” “Low input &amp; Low efficiency,” and “High input &amp; Low efficiency”—are identified, highlighting significant regional heterogeneity. The findings suggest that China’s green technology innovation efficiency should be driven by internal innovation capabilities rather than external advantages, calling for differentiated and coordinated regional policies to sustain this transition.</p>

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The evaluation of true green technology innovation efficiency in China's provinces based on the improved three-stage SBM-SE-DEA model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月20日

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  • Fang Wang,
  • Zhongzhe Xia

摘要

Under China’s “dual-carbon” strategy and ecological civilization drive, green technology innovation (GTI) is a key driver of high-quality development. To accurately evaluate provincial performance, this study develops an improved three-stage slack measure with super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (three-stage SBM-SE-DEA) model, which eliminates the effects of external environmental and stochastic factors to measure the true green technology innovation efficiency (TGTIE) of 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2022. In addition, a stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) analysis identifies the key external mechanisms influencing TGTIE. On this basis, the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and innovation patterns of TGTIE are examined. The results reveal that China’s overall TGTIE increased from 0.71 (nominal) to 0.77 (true), with the North West (+ 27.1%) and South West (+ 14.7%) exhibiting substantial improvements, while environmentally dependent regions such as South China (− 5.15%) experienced moderate efficiency declines. Temporally, national TGTIE evolved through a process of “fluctuating convergence—steady improvement—high-level stabilization,” reflecting growing innovation resilience. Spatially, an “east-high, west-low” gradient persists, although the gap has gradually narrowed. Intra-regional disparities remain evident. Finally, four distinct innovation patterns—“High input & High efficiency,” “Low input & High efficiency,” “Low input & Low efficiency,” and “High input & Low efficiency”—are identified, highlighting significant regional heterogeneity. The findings suggest that China’s green technology innovation efficiency should be driven by internal innovation capabilities rather than external advantages, calling for differentiated and coordinated regional policies to sustain this transition.