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<p>To address the issue of reduced low-temperature denitrification efficiency in wastewater treatment plants in northern China due to seasonal water temperature fluctuations, this study systematically investigates the denitrification performance and microbial community dynamics of sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria <i>Thiobacillus</i> and <i>Sulfurimonas</i> under temperature variations. Through laboratory and pilot-scale reactor experiments, denitrification efficiencies, metabolite accumulation, and community structure evolution of the two microorganisms at optimal temperature (25℃) and low temperature (10℃) were compared and analyzed. Results show that under optimal temperature conditions, <i>Thiobacillus</i>-dominated communities exhibit denitrification efficiencies of 94%–99%, outperforming <i>Sulfurimonas</i> (87%–90%), with significantly stronger coupling capabilities between sulfur oxidation and denitrification metabolism. At low temperature (10℃), however, the denitrification efficiency of <i>Thiobacillus</i> drops sharply to 53%–57%, while <i>Sulfurimonas</i> maintains stable efficiencies of 70%–75%. Pilot-scale operations further reveal that in summer high temperature (28℃), the <i>Thiobacillus</i>-dominated system achieves denitrification efficiency &gt; 95%; in winter low temperature (10℃), the <i>Sulfurimonas</i>-dominated system increases efficiency to 75%, with nitrite accumulation lower than that in the <i>Thiobacillus</i> system. Microbial community analysis indicates that <i>Thiobacillus</i> abundance decreases significantly with decreasing temperature (from 69.03% to 35.61%), while <i>Sulfurimonas</i> abundance fluctuates minimally (27.58% average), though <i>Thiobacillus</i> demonstrates strong niche competitiveness in mixed communities. This study provides optimization strategies for sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology in regions with significant seasonal temperature differences, proposes an engineered application scheme for dynamic temperature regulation of microbial community structure, and promotes the development of low-carbon wastewater treatment technologies.</p>

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Research on the application of sulfur-autotrophic denitrifying microorganisms Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas in wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Dejun Wang,
  • Yanyan Sang,
  • Weizhang Fu,
  • Zongqiang Pang,
  • Wanzhen Zhong,
  • Xinhao Liu,
  • Yuanjie Cui,
  • Lizhi Zhang,
  • Ke Liu,
  • Ziyao Ren

摘要

To address the issue of reduced low-temperature denitrification efficiency in wastewater treatment plants in northern China due to seasonal water temperature fluctuations, this study systematically investigates the denitrification performance and microbial community dynamics of sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas under temperature variations. Through laboratory and pilot-scale reactor experiments, denitrification efficiencies, metabolite accumulation, and community structure evolution of the two microorganisms at optimal temperature (25℃) and low temperature (10℃) were compared and analyzed. Results show that under optimal temperature conditions, Thiobacillus-dominated communities exhibit denitrification efficiencies of 94%–99%, outperforming Sulfurimonas (87%–90%), with significantly stronger coupling capabilities between sulfur oxidation and denitrification metabolism. At low temperature (10℃), however, the denitrification efficiency of Thiobacillus drops sharply to 53%–57%, while Sulfurimonas maintains stable efficiencies of 70%–75%. Pilot-scale operations further reveal that in summer high temperature (28℃), the Thiobacillus-dominated system achieves denitrification efficiency > 95%; in winter low temperature (10℃), the Sulfurimonas-dominated system increases efficiency to 75%, with nitrite accumulation lower than that in the Thiobacillus system. Microbial community analysis indicates that Thiobacillus abundance decreases significantly with decreasing temperature (from 69.03% to 35.61%), while Sulfurimonas abundance fluctuates minimally (27.58% average), though Thiobacillus demonstrates strong niche competitiveness in mixed communities. This study provides optimization strategies for sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology in regions with significant seasonal temperature differences, proposes an engineered application scheme for dynamic temperature regulation of microbial community structure, and promotes the development of low-carbon wastewater treatment technologies.