<p>Supply chain resilience is linked to a country's sustainable development. Whether the low-carbon transition improves or weakens supply chain resilience requires in-depth investigation. This research uses the low carbon city pilot policy (LCCY) as a symbol of low-carbon transition. We analyzed Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share data from 2008 to 2023 with the causal forest model. Our objective is to investigate the impact of the low-carbon transition on supply chain resilience. Results demonstrate that LCCY significantly promotes supply chain resilience. Two of the channels are government subsidies and the image of the firm. The firm's own good financial position and the preference of the capital market can significantly contribute to this relationship. The digitalization in general can contribute to the treatment effect. However, there are still “Liability of Newness” and “Innovator's Dilemma”. These findings remain significant after robustness tests. Using objective data, this study constructs a measure of supply chain resilience. We expand the literature on the impact of low-carbon transition. We also give some recommendations based on the research's findings.</p>