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<p>Field burning of paddy straw in India is a significant contributor to air pollution, equating to an energy loss of around 786.73 Peta Joule of metabolizable energy (ME)/annum. Present experiments have explored utilization of value-added paddy straw aimed at optimizing its potential in ruminants and to reduce environmental impact of paddy straw burning. The in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was conducted to test the effect of different combinations of urea-molasses treated paddy straw (UMPS) based total mixed rations (TMRs) supplemented with yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>), or azolla (<i>Azolla microphylla</i>), or both. The experiment in calves tested TMRs composed of UMPS and other feeds (T<sub>1</sub>) or supplemented with yeast (2.5 × 10<sup>7</sup>&#xa0;CFU/gram TMR) and azolla (replaced 5% of concentrate mixture in TMR) (T<sub>2</sub>). These TMRs (T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>) reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.014) methane energy loss/kg of digestible dry matter under in vitro system, and significantly increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) the ME value in TMRs over untreated paddy straw control TMR (T<sub>0</sub>). Feeding calves with T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> diets yielded higher daily body weight gain (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and increased feed conversion efficiency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.015) compared to control. Digestible crude protein values of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> TMRs increased by 21.61 and 28.21 percent, respectively than T<sub>0</sub>; thereby, improving livestock nutrition. Therefore, UMPS alone or combining with azolla and yeast emerges as a promising method to reduce ruminal methane energy loss, enhance livestock productivity with greater ME value of feed, and may mitigate environmental pollution by minimizing the open-field burning of paddy straw—one of the major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions.</p>

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Mitigating methane emission and augmenting nutritional potential in cattle through pre-treatment of paddy straw: a sustainable alternative to field burning in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Wakchaure Sanket Vinayak,
  • Tapas Kumar Dutta,
  • Anupam Chatterjee,
  • Asif Mohammad

摘要

Field burning of paddy straw in India is a significant contributor to air pollution, equating to an energy loss of around 786.73 Peta Joule of metabolizable energy (ME)/annum. Present experiments have explored utilization of value-added paddy straw aimed at optimizing its potential in ruminants and to reduce environmental impact of paddy straw burning. The in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was conducted to test the effect of different combinations of urea-molasses treated paddy straw (UMPS) based total mixed rations (TMRs) supplemented with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), or azolla (Azolla microphylla), or both. The experiment in calves tested TMRs composed of UMPS and other feeds (T1) or supplemented with yeast (2.5 × 107 CFU/gram TMR) and azolla (replaced 5% of concentrate mixture in TMR) (T2). These TMRs (T1 and T2) reduced (p < 0.014) methane energy loss/kg of digestible dry matter under in vitro system, and significantly increased (p < 0.001) the ME value in TMRs over untreated paddy straw control TMR (T0). Feeding calves with T1 and T2 diets yielded higher daily body weight gain (p < 0.001) and increased feed conversion efficiency (p < 0.015) compared to control. Digestible crude protein values of T1 and T2 TMRs increased by 21.61 and 28.21 percent, respectively than T0; thereby, improving livestock nutrition. Therefore, UMPS alone or combining with azolla and yeast emerges as a promising method to reduce ruminal methane energy loss, enhance livestock productivity with greater ME value of feed, and may mitigate environmental pollution by minimizing the open-field burning of paddy straw—one of the major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions.