<p>This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by energy resources such as hydropower, nuclear, and biomass energy ambitious pursuit of carbon neutrality and the issue of energy security issues in China. Employing a quantile-based causality approach in mean and variance, the empirical investigation utilizes annual data spanning from 1990 to 2024. The findings reveal strong quantile connectedness between the underlined renewable energy resources and China’s environmental footprint. Similarly, the predictive capacity of clean energy for environmental impact diminishes at the higher quantiles of the distribution. In addition, the findings underscore the significance of diverse energy sources in China’s transition to a low-carbon economy. Renewable resources such as hydropower emerge as a fundamental pillar supporting energy security and emissions reduction. Despite safety concerns, nuclear energy remains a viable de-carbonization pathway, facilitated by technological advancements and supportive policies. Meanwhile, biomass energy presents a renewable alternative, though its sustainability challenges necessitate regulatory interventions. Through a synthesis of policy initiatives insights, this research study offers valuable perspectives for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, shedding light on the intricate dynamics shaping the integration of hydropower, nuclear, and biomass energy within China’s carbon neutrality strategy.</p>