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<p>Improving reclaimed water utilization efficiency(RWUE) from a recycling perspective is claimed to be a better way to alleviate global water scarcity and water pollution. This study assesses the characteristics and spatial pattern of RWUE evolution from 2011 to 2021 at the regional and provincial levels in China, utilizing a combination of mixed approaches such as the EBM DEA model, kernel density analysis, and gravity-center migration model. To identify the impact factors and development path of RWUE, a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis model is constructed. The findings reveal a tendency of decline followed by growth trend of RWUE from 2011 to 2021, with the east region having the lowest average value of 0.5617 and the central region having the highest average of 0.6459. The degree of polarization of RWUE in the three regions shows a pattern of ‘East &gt; Central &gt; West’. The spatial disparities within the three regions are gradually narrowing. The gravity center for RWUE moved towards the southeast direction. The spatial migration distance of the RWUE centroid was 8.61&#xa0;km. Water resource endowment, water conservation potential, infrastructure, economic driven environment, policy driven environment, and innovation driven environment constitute diverse configuration of driving RWUE. The pathways driving RWUE in China varies significantly by space.</p>

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Assessing provincial reclaimed water utilization efficiency and influencing factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Chen Feng,
  • Fengping Wu,
  • Chenjun Zhang,
  • Ruifang Wang,
  • Ying Zhou,
  • Yingwen Ji

摘要

Improving reclaimed water utilization efficiency(RWUE) from a recycling perspective is claimed to be a better way to alleviate global water scarcity and water pollution. This study assesses the characteristics and spatial pattern of RWUE evolution from 2011 to 2021 at the regional and provincial levels in China, utilizing a combination of mixed approaches such as the EBM DEA model, kernel density analysis, and gravity-center migration model. To identify the impact factors and development path of RWUE, a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis model is constructed. The findings reveal a tendency of decline followed by growth trend of RWUE from 2011 to 2021, with the east region having the lowest average value of 0.5617 and the central region having the highest average of 0.6459. The degree of polarization of RWUE in the three regions shows a pattern of ‘East > Central > West’. The spatial disparities within the three regions are gradually narrowing. The gravity center for RWUE moved towards the southeast direction. The spatial migration distance of the RWUE centroid was 8.61 km. Water resource endowment, water conservation potential, infrastructure, economic driven environment, policy driven environment, and innovation driven environment constitute diverse configuration of driving RWUE. The pathways driving RWUE in China varies significantly by space.