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<p>Government regulation may have an impact on the growth of remanufacturing, despite its ability to effectively reduce environmental pollution. Based on the Stackelberg game, this paper builds a game model for an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and an outsourcing remanufacturing (OR) to analyze the effects of different government carbon allowance allocation methods on outsourcing remanufacturing. Comparison of how two methods to allocating carbon allowances—the historical emissions method and the baseline method—affect enterprises’ best choices and the environment. The results show that: (1) Under the historical emissions method, remanufactured product sales are greater and new product sales are lower than under the baseline method, which is less harmful to the environment while encouraging the expansion of the remanufacturing industry. (2) the historical emissions method is beneficial to both the OEM and the OR when the overall carbon allowance and benchmark carbon allowance meet particular requirements. (3) For high-emission enterprises, the historical emissions method reduces overall carbon emissions more effectively, whereas for low-emission enterprises, the baseline method works better. (4) The price of carbon trading and consumer preference for remanufactured products will influence the manufacturing choices made by the OEM and OR, and a rise in both variables will bring some economic and environmental benefits. These findings provide a foundation for the government’s selection of an appropriate rule for allocating carbon allowance and as a guide for production decisions made by enterprises in accordance with the carbon trading policy.</p>

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The impact of carbon allowance allocation methods on outsourcing remanufacturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Jianmin Xie,
  • Xinjing He,
  • Qin Qin,
  • Deru Xie,
  • Maoting Jiang

摘要

Government regulation may have an impact on the growth of remanufacturing, despite its ability to effectively reduce environmental pollution. Based on the Stackelberg game, this paper builds a game model for an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and an outsourcing remanufacturing (OR) to analyze the effects of different government carbon allowance allocation methods on outsourcing remanufacturing. Comparison of how two methods to allocating carbon allowances—the historical emissions method and the baseline method—affect enterprises’ best choices and the environment. The results show that: (1) Under the historical emissions method, remanufactured product sales are greater and new product sales are lower than under the baseline method, which is less harmful to the environment while encouraging the expansion of the remanufacturing industry. (2) the historical emissions method is beneficial to both the OEM and the OR when the overall carbon allowance and benchmark carbon allowance meet particular requirements. (3) For high-emission enterprises, the historical emissions method reduces overall carbon emissions more effectively, whereas for low-emission enterprises, the baseline method works better. (4) The price of carbon trading and consumer preference for remanufactured products will influence the manufacturing choices made by the OEM and OR, and a rise in both variables will bring some economic and environmental benefits. These findings provide a foundation for the government’s selection of an appropriate rule for allocating carbon allowance and as a guide for production decisions made by enterprises in accordance with the carbon trading policy.