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<p>Urban building colors significantly influence city albedo and cooling effects, yet the climate impacts of color strategies across diverse urban areas remain understudied. Using WRF-UCM modeling and global LCZ maps, this study quantifies cooling benefits of albedo-enhancing strategies for roads (LCZ1), walls (LCZ4), and roofs (LCZ8) in Xi’an, assessing energy balance, air temperature (T2), and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) efficiency (UCE). Results show that high-albedo surfaces reduce net radiation, lowering daytime temperatures and improving outdoor comfort during heatwaves, with UCE reductions of 0.28&#xa0;°C, 0.33&#xa0;°C, and 0.49&#xa0;°C for the three strategies. The cooling area of the synergistic effects is the largest. Notably, nighttime heat island effects exceed daytime impacts, and cooling surfaces prove particularly effective for nocturnal thermal comfort. The findings provide evidence-based guidelines for climate-responsive urban design.</p>

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Microclimate impact assessment for city color planning—a case study in Xi'an city based on the WRF-UCM model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Wei Ding,
  • Han Chang,
  • Yingkui Sun,
  • Wenqiang Jing,
  • Sinan Zhang,
  • Wei Feng

摘要

Urban building colors significantly influence city albedo and cooling effects, yet the climate impacts of color strategies across diverse urban areas remain understudied. Using WRF-UCM modeling and global LCZ maps, this study quantifies cooling benefits of albedo-enhancing strategies for roads (LCZ1), walls (LCZ4), and roofs (LCZ8) in Xi’an, assessing energy balance, air temperature (T2), and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) efficiency (UCE). Results show that high-albedo surfaces reduce net radiation, lowering daytime temperatures and improving outdoor comfort during heatwaves, with UCE reductions of 0.28 °C, 0.33 °C, and 0.49 °C for the three strategies. The cooling area of the synergistic effects is the largest. Notably, nighttime heat island effects exceed daytime impacts, and cooling surfaces prove particularly effective for nocturnal thermal comfort. The findings provide evidence-based guidelines for climate-responsive urban design.