<p>With the increase of energy consumption, air pollution is becoming increasingly severe. This study evaluated China’s energy consumption in recent years and explored the spatiotemporal changes in air quality and its energy influencing factors based on data from 168 monitoring points. The results of the study showed that China’s energy consumption was increasing year by year, the energy structure had also been adjusted, with the proportion of clean energy such as natural gas and electricity rising. Air quality in China was on an improving trend, with AQI exceedance rates of 29.8%, 22%, and 2.3% in 2015, 2019, and 2022, respectively. In addition, air quality in the northern regions tended to be worse than in the southern regions, and showed a certain clustering effect. All pollutants exhibited seasonal variations, with O₃ being characterized by higher concentrations in summer and lower concentrations in winter, while other pollutants showed the opposite behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO, while O₃ was negatively correlated with the remaining five pollutants. In addition, coal and kerosene were regarded as the main factors affecting air quality, energy consumption and intensity can exacerbate air pollution and exhibit spatial difference. This study emphasizes the importance of energy consumption in the prevention and control of air pollution, providing reference for the coordinated management of reducing pollutant concentration and energy consumption.</p>