<p>Advancing agriculture green development (AGD) is a crucial component of the broader strategy of transforming China into an agricultural powerhouse and realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural regions. The extensive use of digital technology is leading to profound changes in the farming industry and its value chain, injecting new kinetic energy into the green transformation of agriculture. This study constructs and measures the AGD index and the degree of digitalization (DIG) development based on 2011–2022 Chinese provincial panel data, and empirically evaluate how digitalization influences AGD using a Spatial Durbin Model. The study shows that, first, DIG promotes the level of AGD by enhancing the level of agricultural resource utilization and improving the efficiency of market transactions, while also driving AGD level in adjacent areas through technological diffusion. Second, both agricultural industry aggregation (AIA) and digital rural strategy (DVS) can produce positive moderating effects in the effect of DIG on AGD. The industrial aggregation effect makes the application of digital technology more in-depth, thus amplifying the positive impact of DIG; The role of government guidance provides policy guarantee for the application of digital technology in agriculture and accelerates the popularization of DIG. Third, the heterogeneity analysis results indicate that the digitization-driven effect is more significant in the main food-producing areas and areas with a higher level of AGD. The findings provide policy-relevant insights to support rural digital transformation and sustainable AGD.</p>