<p>Environmental pollution is increasingly contributing to the deterioration of human health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nine out of ten people inhale polluted air, which causes approximately 7&#xa0;million fatalities annually. While industrialization is a prominent contributor to pollution, the usage of bio-fuels for cooking in rural households also plays a major role, particularly affecting women and infants. There is a critical need for an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively understand the health impacts of environmental pollution and guide effective policy, research, and public health interventions. This study aims to identify and compile the causes and effects of environmental pollution, as well as to suggest various policy measures that can mitigate the associated harms on health. A systematic literature review is conducted, ultimately selecting 33 articles from an initial pool of 132, following a multi-step screening process based on PRISMA framework. Non-English articles, datasets, reports, book chapters, and studies focused on chemical or medicinal areas are excluded. The review found that urbanisation and air pollution lead to numerous health issues that includes asthmatic, respiratory, cardiovascular, as well as lung-related conditions, all of which negatively impact life expectancy and contribute to higher infant mortality rates. In addition to raising public health spending and improving health infrastructure, solutions include a focus on cleaner fuels, innovative technologies, and renewable energy sources. Given that this is a global issue, it is essential that policies be developed through international collaboration. </p>