<p>Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms by which digital village construction impacts farmers’ green production is crucial for advancing rural ecological environments and driving agricultural modernization in developing countries. Leveraging China’s panel data from 30 provinces spanning 2010–2023 and using fertilizers and pesticides use as a scenario, this study employs a dual fixed-effect model to examine the impact of digital village construction on farmers’ green production. A mediating model further examines the mechanisms through which digital village construction influences green production, while a spatial panel econometric model evaluates its spatial spillover effect. The main findings reveal that digital village construction significantly enhances farmers’ green production, and this enhancement is achieved by elevating agricultural technical level, boosting land productivity, and increasing labor productivity, all of which contribute to a significant reduction in the intensity of fertilizers and pesticides use. Moreover, digital village construction exerts a positive spatial spillover influence on farmers’ green production at the provincial level, but such effect varies in different regions. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis results indicate that the impact of digital village construction on reducing the intensity of fertilizers and pesticides use becomes more significant as the scale of farmland expands. These insights are valuable for shaping public policies focused on green production and sustainable agriculture.</p>