<p>A key goal of building an ecological civilization is to establish a systematic framework for territorial space development and conservation. To optimize this framework, accurately assessing its applicability is crucial. This study proposes a method for delineating territorial development boundaries using the adaptive cycle model, with Chongqing, a mountainous region in southwest China, as a case study. An evaluation index system was developed to assess spatiotemporal changes in three core attributes: development potential, spatial connectivity, and system resilience at the county scale. The adaptive cycle stages of each county unit were identified, and their development suitability assessed, leading to clearly defined development boundaries and zoning strategies. The results show that between 2007 and 2022, Chongqing’s territorial space exhibited a west–east gradient, with higher values in the west and lower values in the east. Most counties were in the development, reorganization, or high-quality development stages, with a few in the protection stage and none in the release stage. Based on these patterns, Chongqing was divided into four major regions and eight sub-regions: primary development zones should adopt integrated growth strategies, optimized development zones should enhance ecological protection, controlled development zones should regulate development intensity, and restricted development zones should focus on ecological restoration and livelihood improvement. The study also proposes a multi-dimensional optimization pathway aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), illustrating how spatial governance can promote long-term sustainable development. Overall, this research advances the adaptive cycle framework in spatial planning and offers valuable insights for managing complex socio-ecological systems.</p>