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<p>Composting is a key strategy for recycling livestock manure, and the amendment with biochar (BC) can potentially promote compost quality and humification processes. This study explored the effect of BC amendments on the compositional and spectral evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during chicken manure composting. Three treatments were conducted: a control without BC (CK), and two treatments with 5% (w/w) rice straw BC or wheat straw BC, respectively. DOM derived from the compost was comprehensively characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). The results showed that BC addition increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (9.2–10.4&#xa0;g/kg) compared to CK (8.3&#xa0;g/kg). UV-vis spectra indicated that BC-amended DOM own higher SUVA<sub>254</sub> and lower E<sub>2</sub>/E<sub>3</sub> ratios, indicating the presence of aromaticity and molecular weight (MW). EEM analysis revealed a higher proportion of humic substances (83–84%) in BC treatments, compared to 76% in CK, suggesting enhanced DOM humification. HPSEC analysis showed an increase in the medium MW fractions, with peaks shifting to higher MW values. Although BC-amended compost DOM exhibited lower weight-averaged MW (14.46–15.33&#xa0;kDa vs. 15.83&#xa0;kDa in CK), it showed higher number-averaged MW (2.41–2.48&#xa0;kDa vs. 2.21&#xa0;kDa in CK), indicating a more uniform molecular composition. 2D-COS analysis revealed that protein-like components were more prone to transformation, while smaller molecules degraded and converted into larger, more aromatic molecules. Overall, BC amendments promoted DOM humification, aromatization and stabilization during composting. These findings offer valuable insights into improving compost quality and sustainable agricultural waste management.</p>

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Influence of biochar on DOM formation in chicken manure composting: spectral properties and molecular weight analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Xiaolong Liu,
  • Nennen Zhu,
  • Ao Cheng,
  • Xiujuan Zhou,
  • Dan Chen,
  • Ting Li,
  • Xufang Yu,
  • Wenchao Ji,
  • Xingjun Fan

摘要

Composting is a key strategy for recycling livestock manure, and the amendment with biochar (BC) can potentially promote compost quality and humification processes. This study explored the effect of BC amendments on the compositional and spectral evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during chicken manure composting. Three treatments were conducted: a control without BC (CK), and two treatments with 5% (w/w) rice straw BC or wheat straw BC, respectively. DOM derived from the compost was comprehensively characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). The results showed that BC addition increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (9.2–10.4 g/kg) compared to CK (8.3 g/kg). UV-vis spectra indicated that BC-amended DOM own higher SUVA254 and lower E2/E3 ratios, indicating the presence of aromaticity and molecular weight (MW). EEM analysis revealed a higher proportion of humic substances (83–84%) in BC treatments, compared to 76% in CK, suggesting enhanced DOM humification. HPSEC analysis showed an increase in the medium MW fractions, with peaks shifting to higher MW values. Although BC-amended compost DOM exhibited lower weight-averaged MW (14.46–15.33 kDa vs. 15.83 kDa in CK), it showed higher number-averaged MW (2.41–2.48 kDa vs. 2.21 kDa in CK), indicating a more uniform molecular composition. 2D-COS analysis revealed that protein-like components were more prone to transformation, while smaller molecules degraded and converted into larger, more aromatic molecules. Overall, BC amendments promoted DOM humification, aromatization and stabilization during composting. These findings offer valuable insights into improving compost quality and sustainable agricultural waste management.