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<p>The uncontrolled utilization of fossil fuels and their rising environmental impacts have spurred the search for sustainable biofuels. With its high lipid content and easy cultivation<i>, Spirogyra algae</i> present a promising biodiesel feedstock. This study evaluates the diesel engine performance and emission behaviors of biodiesel blends prepared based on <i>Spirogyra</i> Algae Oil (SAO) enhanced with NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, along with methanol, ethanol, and propanol alcohols. Five different blends (NISI 1-NISI 5) were made and tested for performance characteristics Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) as well as emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro-Carbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and smoke using a diesel engine. The NISI 5 blend, containing 5% NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, 5% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 7% methanol, 7% ethanol, 6% propanol, 10% biodiesel and 60% diesel, demonstrated optimal results with a BTE of 53.85%, BSFC of 0.2443&#xa0;kg/kWh, and marked reductions in emissions. A hybrid machine learning model combining Random Forest and Puma Optimization Algorithm (RF-POA) was applied to predict engine performance and outperforming conventional model accuracy. These results demonstrate the ability of <i>spirogyra</i>-based biodiesel with nanoparticle and alcohol improvements for efficient and cleaner engine operations.</p>

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Investigating emission characteristics nano particle added spirogyra algae based biodiesel blends using ML techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • Narendra Mahadu Patil,
  • Manohar Rajendra Patil,
  • Yogesh V. Marathe,
  • Vishnu A. Adole,
  • N. Satish,
  • B. Veera Jyothi

摘要

The uncontrolled utilization of fossil fuels and their rising environmental impacts have spurred the search for sustainable biofuels. With its high lipid content and easy cultivation, Spirogyra algae present a promising biodiesel feedstock. This study evaluates the diesel engine performance and emission behaviors of biodiesel blends prepared based on Spirogyra Algae Oil (SAO) enhanced with NiFe2O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles, along with methanol, ethanol, and propanol alcohols. Five different blends (NISI 1-NISI 5) were made and tested for performance characteristics Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) as well as emissions such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydro-Carbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and smoke using a diesel engine. The NISI 5 blend, containing 5% NiFe2O4, 5% SiO2, 7% methanol, 7% ethanol, 6% propanol, 10% biodiesel and 60% diesel, demonstrated optimal results with a BTE of 53.85%, BSFC of 0.2443 kg/kWh, and marked reductions in emissions. A hybrid machine learning model combining Random Forest and Puma Optimization Algorithm (RF-POA) was applied to predict engine performance and outperforming conventional model accuracy. These results demonstrate the ability of spirogyra-based biodiesel with nanoparticle and alcohol improvements for efficient and cleaner engine operations.