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<p>The installed capacity of power batteries has grown rapidly due to subsidy policies promoting new energy vehicles across various countries. However, power batteries contribute to environmental pollution throughout their entire life cycle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental impacts and supports the sustainable development of the power battery industry. Despite the growing body of LCA research addressing different power battery technologies and life cycle stages, challenges remain, including inconsistent system boundaries, limited data transparency, data fragmentation, and inadequate technological representation. This study applies the CiteSpace bibliometric method to analyze LCA research on power batteries. It integrates findings on environmental effects at each life cycle stage with considerations of economic policy and recycling. The analysis identifies current research trends and key limitations in the field. It further examines the LCA status of conventional power batteries−such as lithium batteries, fuel cells, and lead-acid batteries−as well as emerging technologies, focusing on fundamental characteristics, environmental assessment methods, recycling strategies, and relevant policy frameworks. The results emphasize the need for updated and localized LCA research, highlighting the absence of unified system boundaries, the lack of primary data, insufficient localization in impact models, and limited coverage in secondary databases. The review concludes by identifying future directions, including cost evaluation, circular economy integration, and assessment of resource use effects. Addressing these gaps will support the transition to more sustainable power battery practices and contribute to a low-carbon energy future.</p>

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Review on environmental impacts of various types of power batteries using LCA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Jie Song,
  • Gongxiang Cui,
  • Ying Han,
  • Xijing Yao,
  • Xiaoqin Shen,
  • Yugang Wang

摘要

The installed capacity of power batteries has grown rapidly due to subsidy policies promoting new energy vehicles across various countries. However, power batteries contribute to environmental pollution throughout their entire life cycle. Life cycle assessment (LCA) provides a comprehensive evaluation of their environmental impacts and supports the sustainable development of the power battery industry. Despite the growing body of LCA research addressing different power battery technologies and life cycle stages, challenges remain, including inconsistent system boundaries, limited data transparency, data fragmentation, and inadequate technological representation. This study applies the CiteSpace bibliometric method to analyze LCA research on power batteries. It integrates findings on environmental effects at each life cycle stage with considerations of economic policy and recycling. The analysis identifies current research trends and key limitations in the field. It further examines the LCA status of conventional power batteries−such as lithium batteries, fuel cells, and lead-acid batteries−as well as emerging technologies, focusing on fundamental characteristics, environmental assessment methods, recycling strategies, and relevant policy frameworks. The results emphasize the need for updated and localized LCA research, highlighting the absence of unified system boundaries, the lack of primary data, insufficient localization in impact models, and limited coverage in secondary databases. The review concludes by identifying future directions, including cost evaluation, circular economy integration, and assessment of resource use effects. Addressing these gaps will support the transition to more sustainable power battery practices and contribute to a low-carbon energy future.