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<p>This study investigates the complex relationship between groundwater storage, land surface temperature (LST), and land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Kerala, India. Groundwater level data from monitoring wells, alongside GRACE and GLDAS satellite datasets, were used to analyse groundwater fluctuations and influencing factors. Cluster analysis categorized wells into four distinct groups based on fluctuation patterns. Trend analysis (2003–2019), using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope, revealed a strong seasonal contrast: pre-monsoon, 62.26% of observation points showed declining groundwater levels, with 20.75% significantly declining, while post-monsoon, 54.21% showed rising trend. LULC analysis (2001–2015) indicated an expansion of built-up areas (5.86–8.51%) and a reduction in forest cover (17.09–13.18%). LST analysis (2005–2020) showed an increasing trend in certain areas, particularly in the southern and central regions, potentially linked to urbanization. Annual rainfall analysis (2005–2015) indicated an overall increase but with significant spatial variability. Future research directions include utilizing higher-resolution datasets and incorporating climate change projections, to support sustainable groundwater management strategies.</p>

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Linking land use and climate variables with groundwater dynamics in Kerala

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • R. Akhila,
  • Job. J. John,
  • S. K. Pramada

摘要

This study investigates the complex relationship between groundwater storage, land surface temperature (LST), and land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Kerala, India. Groundwater level data from monitoring wells, alongside GRACE and GLDAS satellite datasets, were used to analyse groundwater fluctuations and influencing factors. Cluster analysis categorized wells into four distinct groups based on fluctuation patterns. Trend analysis (2003–2019), using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope, revealed a strong seasonal contrast: pre-monsoon, 62.26% of observation points showed declining groundwater levels, with 20.75% significantly declining, while post-monsoon, 54.21% showed rising trend. LULC analysis (2001–2015) indicated an expansion of built-up areas (5.86–8.51%) and a reduction in forest cover (17.09–13.18%). LST analysis (2005–2020) showed an increasing trend in certain areas, particularly in the southern and central regions, potentially linked to urbanization. Annual rainfall analysis (2005–2015) indicated an overall increase but with significant spatial variability. Future research directions include utilizing higher-resolution datasets and incorporating climate change projections, to support sustainable groundwater management strategies.