<p>With specific emphasis on the China-Iran collaboration, this paper tackles the inadequate literature on the structural dynamics and resilience of the Belt and Road Initiative energy trade network. Though interest in BRI's geopolitical consequences is rising, little study has looked at how China-Iran energy cooperation affects network resilience and sustainable energy growth in the BRI region. We use network analysis on a longitudinal dataset of energy trade flows among BRI nations from 1995 to 2020 to map changing trade patterns using centrality measures (indegree, outdegree, closeness, and betweenness) and resilience indices, hence addressing this gap. By 2020, our results show that China has become the main center of the BRI energy network with the greatest indegree and outdegree centrality. China's strategic part increases trade diversity, strengthens network stability, and speeds the renewable energy transition across the area. On the other hand, Iran mostly serves as a supplier node but indicates the possibility for diversification through more involvement in technology and renewable energy exchanges. Among the various energy types, natural gas has the greatest network density and durability, highlighting its importance in changes in energy security. Among the sensible policy suggestions this study provides are trade route diversification, funding of regional renewable energy centers, and operational measures for resilience under geopolitical uncertainty. These insights contribute to the theoretical knowledge of energy geopolitics as well as the practical progress of sustainable development objectives under the BRI system.</p>