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<p>The rapid pace of urbanization, especially in coastal regions, has intensified the demand for land and stressed the importance of environmentally sustainable urban planning. Inadequate planning can aggravate ecological degradation, increase exposure to natural hazards, and compromise long-term liveability. This study developed a geospatial framework for sustainable urban settlement planning by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) tools—specifically the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Sixteen thematic layers—including land use, slope, population density, drainage, elevation, and proximity to infrastructure and services—were constructed and evaluated. Multicollinearity analysis confirmed the independence of input variables. AHP was applied to determine weights based on expert judgment, and TOPSIS ranked spatial alternatives. The resulting Sustainable Urban Settlement Suitability Map (SUSSM) revealed that 16% of the area was very highly suitable, 32% highly suitable, 26% moderately suitable, 20% low, and 6% very low. Sensitivity analysis identified Land Use and Land Cover, Slope, and Population Density as the most influential factors. Validation using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve yielded an AUC of 0.89, indicating strong predictive performance. These findings demonstrate the utility of integrating AHP and TOPSIS within GIS to support evidence-based urban planning in coastal zones. The framework is scalable and adaptable for other hazard-prone regions, facilitating resilient land use strategies, infrastructure investments, and environmental stewardship.</p>

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A framework for sustainable urban settlement planning: Integrating geographic information system and multi-criteria decision analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • S. K. Ray,
  • A. Teja,
  • S. Chaudhary,
  • M. H. Kumar,
  • R. Rahul,
  • K. Rammohan,
  • D. Himabindu

摘要

The rapid pace of urbanization, especially in coastal regions, has intensified the demand for land and stressed the importance of environmentally sustainable urban planning. Inadequate planning can aggravate ecological degradation, increase exposure to natural hazards, and compromise long-term liveability. This study developed a geospatial framework for sustainable urban settlement planning by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) tools—specifically the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Sixteen thematic layers—including land use, slope, population density, drainage, elevation, and proximity to infrastructure and services—were constructed and evaluated. Multicollinearity analysis confirmed the independence of input variables. AHP was applied to determine weights based on expert judgment, and TOPSIS ranked spatial alternatives. The resulting Sustainable Urban Settlement Suitability Map (SUSSM) revealed that 16% of the area was very highly suitable, 32% highly suitable, 26% moderately suitable, 20% low, and 6% very low. Sensitivity analysis identified Land Use and Land Cover, Slope, and Population Density as the most influential factors. Validation using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve yielded an AUC of 0.89, indicating strong predictive performance. These findings demonstrate the utility of integrating AHP and TOPSIS within GIS to support evidence-based urban planning in coastal zones. The framework is scalable and adaptable for other hazard-prone regions, facilitating resilient land use strategies, infrastructure investments, and environmental stewardship.