<p>China's megacities are currently facing a critical challenge in balancing development, ecological restoration and carbon sequestration capacity guarantee. This study focuses on Beijing as a case, using CASA model to estimate vegetation carbon sequestration (VCS) and utilizing the Theil-Sen Median trend method to assess its spatiotemporal evolution. By integrating the spatial autocorrelation of VCS and urban development vitality with enhancement potential of VCS, this paper determines a VCS zoning framework at the township and street scales. The findings indicate that most regions exhibit a significant increase in VCS. Moreover, VCS in Beijing demonstrates local spatial autocorrelation. Based on the spatial characteristics of VCS and urban development vitality, along with its enhancement potential, Beijing is divided into four zones: priority zones for increasing carbon sequestration, key zones for increasing carbon sequestration, potential zones for increasing carbon sequestration and supplementary zones for increasing carbon sequestration. Accordingly, an optimization strategy is suggested following the idea of "priority zones restoration—key zones planning—potential zones governance—supplementary zones expansion".</p>