Water-soil-waste (WSW) and water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approaches to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in South Asian region – a systematic review
摘要
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires efficient use and management of natural resources, particularly in less privileged nations. The concepts of the water, soil, and waste (WSW) nexus and water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus are mechanisms to enhance resource use efficiency, minimize trade-offs, and maximize synergies in relation to the SDGs. Despite the environmental stresses faced by many South Asian countries, the need for a comprehensive, resilient, and long-lasting management model has not been adequately addressed. Thus, this study aims to identify the interlinkages and interdependencies between the nexus approach and the SDGs, examining its multiple layers and understanding the roles that WSW and WEF relationships play in achieving the SDGs in South Asian countries. A systematic review was conducted employing 71 peer-reviewed articles to assess the relationship between WSW, WEF, and SDGs, identifying potential benefits, challenges, and opportunities in this research area. The results reveal a significant imbalance between synergies and trade-offs among SDGs indicators in South Asia, indicating a problematic trend in achieving water, energy, and food security. The study also highlights the need to integrate nexus approaches into natural resource management strategies to address key issues such as water scarcity, soil degradation, and waste management. The findings show that promoting integrated planning and management, expanding knowledge based on the nexus approach, and enhancing policy coordination across the water, energy, and food sectors are essential steps for achieving the SDGs. Further, study demonstrate how WSW and WEF nexus approaches provide frameworks for sustainable resource management and SDG implementation in South Asia while addressing region's major socio-economic and environmental challenges.