<p>Silkworm excrement, a byproduct of sericulture, is increasingly recognized as a valuable resource with diverse applications. This biological material has the potential to enhance ecosystem health and resilience, support economic development, and provide essential ecosystem services. It has been utilized as a soil amendment to improve soil health and crop yields while mitigating the effects of organic and inorganic pollutants. Specifically, silkworm excrement aids in passivating heavy metals, enhancing soil fertility, increasing electrical conductivity, improving physicochemical properties, and stimulating microbial activity. Beyond agriculture, silkworm excrement possesses medicinal properties due to its bioactive compounds, offering potential applications in healthcare. Additionally, as society shifts away from fossil fuels and adopts more sustainable practices, there is growing interest in harnessing silkworm excrement as a cleaner energy source for biofuel production. This review highlights the multifaceted benefits of silkworm excrement and its potential applications in agriculture, industry, animal husbandry, and medicine. The findings provide a scientific foundation for recognizing silkworm excrement as a sustainable biological resource. Furthermore, this review identifies key research gaps that require further investigation to maximize its utilization.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>