<p>Population, land, and industry are both necessary resources and results of urbanization. Understanding how these elements interact and evolve together is key to determining urbanization levels and their specific characteristics. In this study, we use the RAGA-PP model, the triangle model, and the coupling coordination model to explore how population, land, and industry influence urbanization in Nanchang City. Results revealed that: (1) Urbanization in Nanchang has grown rapidly overall, with industrial development leading the way, while changes in land and population system have been less dramatic. (2) From 2000 to 2023, the urban development followed a sequence of expanding land use, growing population, and advancing industry, which demonstrates a strong connection between land finance driving both population growth and industrial innovation. (3) The coupling degree between population, land, and industry in Nanchang City increased from 0.498 to 0.995, with an average annual growth of 0.04. According to the degree of coordination, the process can be divided into four types of coordinated development, namely dysfunction and decline, transitional coordinated, moderate coordinated, highly coordinated. (4) The change of urbanization in Nanchang is affected by both internal and external factors. The external factors are mainly constrained by the dual incentive system and the dual household registration cost system in urban and rural areas; The internal factor is the restriction of the relative lag of social and economic development. In order to realize the synchronous development of population urbanization and land urbanization, we should also expand the channels of population settlement and curb the excessive expansion of urban land.</p>