The effect of green finance on CO2 reduction in Kazakhstan
摘要
Many emerging countries, such as Kazakhstan, have set a target to reach net-zero carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 2060. This paper explores the effect of green finance on CO₂ reduction in Kazakhstan to achieve this target. The employed methodology is a quantile regression using the data of the Kazakhstan economy within 11 years (2013–2023), in which predictor variables examined include non-fossil energy usage, traditional fossil energy usage, trade openness, per capita gross domestic product, research and development, foreign direct investment, and green finance (green credits, green securities, and green investments), while the predicted variable is regional CO₂ emissions. The major findings of the empirical examinations are that (i) green finance significantly and negatively affects carbon dioxide emissions; (ii) factors such as renewable energy usage and hi-tech innovations resulting from research and development activities are also found to significantly and negatively affect CO₂ emissions; conversely, (iii) other factors such as economic growth, traditional fossil energy usage, trade openness, and foreign direct investment show positive associations with CO₂, implying that they are the determinants of the rise in its emissions. Overall, the research indicates that green funding has a detrimental impact on CO₂ emission in Kazakhstan. Interoperability and creating agreements to facilitate the transfer of international carbon credits are recommended to practitioners and policymakers.