<p>In the context of rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI-driven robotics, representing cutting-edge AI developments, plays a crucial role in driving high-quality economic development and promoting the green transformation of enterprises. This study shifts the focus from macro-level outcomes of AI to micro-level dynamics, examining how AI-driven robotics impact corporate green transformation through panel data analysis of listed manufacturing firms in China from 2009 to 2019. The results demonstrate that AI-driven robotics significantly enhances corporate green transformation, a finding that remains robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns. Mechanism analysis reveals that AI-driven robotics facilitates green transformation by strengthening green innovation capabilities, expanding the number of firms engaging in green innovation, and easing financial constraints. Moreover, moderation analysis highlights that environmental regulation and market concentration positively moderate the relationship between AI-driven robotics and green transformation. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that this positive impact of AI-driven robotics on corporate green transformation is more pronounced in firms located in China’s eastern and central regions, non-state-owned enterprises, non-heavy polluting industries, high-tech sectors, and firms in growth and maturity stages. By offering a multidimensional approach that integrates productivity, innovation, environmental management, and Environmental, Social, and Governance evaluation, this study provides comprehensive insights and policy recommendations for effectively promoting corporate green transformation through AI-driven robotics.</p>