<p>With the acceleration of economic globalization and industrialization, environmental problems are becoming more serious worldwide. Over the last few decades, information and communication technology (ICT) represented by cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, has flourished and spurred global industrialization. However, it remains unclear whether ICT has a significant effect on the ecological environment while promoting rapid industrialization. In this study, data from Chinese Industrial Enterprises from 2000–2014 were used to evaluate the effect of information technology construction on enterprise pollution emissions using the difference-in-differences model for the first time with a quasi-natural experiment of the “information technology and industrialization integration pilot area.” The results show that information technology construction significantly reduces enterprise pollution emissions based on three channels: technology, configuration, and scale. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis revealed that cities with strict environmental regulations, state-owned enterprises, and eastern–central regions benefit more from ICT construction than non-state-owned enterprises. However, a gap remains between China's ICT level and that of developed countries, and the pressure of pollution emission remains significant. Therefore, accelerating the development of new-generation information technology, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, and continuously promoting the development of information technology and industrialization integration will help China to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of economic growth and environmental protection.</p>