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<p>Polluting industries, especially in third world countries with rich environmental resources, causes many social and environmental problems. The emission of polluting gases due to the consumption of fossil fuels is the most important type of industrial pollution, which causes a high social cost and may also affect ecosystem services. Therefore, knowing and comparing the real value of industries and ecosystem services in terms of explicit and hidden costs, shows an insight into the level of sustainability of a region’s development. Here, the economic value of ecosystem services and goods (ESGs) was compared with the net value of polluting industries by applying social-environmental costs in terms of energy carriers through empirical models in Iran’s Tiran county in 2023. Based on the results, many polluting industries have very low profitability with high environmental inefficiency (EI). Investigation of the final cost of enterprises shows that production of gypsum lime cement (MC = 0.486), and production of basic aluminum products (MC = 0.792) has the lowest and highest final cost, respectively. Also, brick production (79.0%) and casting of non-ferrous metals products (5.0%) had the highest and lowest EI, respectively. Financially, the total value of annual ecosystem goods/services was equal to 136,440,780/1&#xa0;million Rials, total value of annual ecosystem goods was equal to 21,130,944/46&#xa0;million Rials, and the total value of the industry sector’s products was 12,166,834/8&#xa0;million Rials/year. The per capita income of the labor in the industry sector and ecosystem-based job sector was 273/166 and 704/364&#xa0;million Rials/year, respectively. In general, without taking into account the uncertain destructive effects of industries on ESGs, by imposing social-welfare and environmental costs due to the release of pollutants, many active industries in this county have very low profitability.</p>

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Ecosystem or industry? An empirical analysis of the real value of ecosystem services/goods and air polluting industries in terms of energy carriers in Iran’s Tiran County

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Mohsen Sarshad,
  • Hossein Azarnivand,
  • Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki,
  • Hamed Rafiee

摘要

Polluting industries, especially in third world countries with rich environmental resources, causes many social and environmental problems. The emission of polluting gases due to the consumption of fossil fuels is the most important type of industrial pollution, which causes a high social cost and may also affect ecosystem services. Therefore, knowing and comparing the real value of industries and ecosystem services in terms of explicit and hidden costs, shows an insight into the level of sustainability of a region’s development. Here, the economic value of ecosystem services and goods (ESGs) was compared with the net value of polluting industries by applying social-environmental costs in terms of energy carriers through empirical models in Iran’s Tiran county in 2023. Based on the results, many polluting industries have very low profitability with high environmental inefficiency (EI). Investigation of the final cost of enterprises shows that production of gypsum lime cement (MC = 0.486), and production of basic aluminum products (MC = 0.792) has the lowest and highest final cost, respectively. Also, brick production (79.0%) and casting of non-ferrous metals products (5.0%) had the highest and lowest EI, respectively. Financially, the total value of annual ecosystem goods/services was equal to 136,440,780/1 million Rials, total value of annual ecosystem goods was equal to 21,130,944/46 million Rials, and the total value of the industry sector’s products was 12,166,834/8 million Rials/year. The per capita income of the labor in the industry sector and ecosystem-based job sector was 273/166 and 704/364 million Rials/year, respectively. In general, without taking into account the uncertain destructive effects of industries on ESGs, by imposing social-welfare and environmental costs due to the release of pollutants, many active industries in this county have very low profitability.