<p>This study provides a comprehensive review of eutrophication assessment and simulation within surface water ecosystems. It is noted that the majority of contemporary models and assessment methodologies fail to account for variations in local stream characteristics and their consequent impacts on biotic communities. To visualize the progression and focal points of eutrophication research, a total of 12,409 articles and their associated references were analyzed with bibliometric tools. The review procedure clarified the approaches used in eutrophication assessment and predicted future development trends. Contemporary research on eutrophication simulation and assessment predominantly concentrates on nutrients, phytoplankton, life-cycle assessment, trophic indices, and agricultural impacts. Additionally, the research frontiers have transitioned from traditional focuses on water quality and ecological status to more specialized areas such as freshwater modeling, harmful algal blooms, and estuarine dynamics. Consequently, this review constitutes a significant resource for researchers aiming to utilize eutrophication simulators in the context of groundwater ecosystem protection and water quality management. The findings will facilitate the advancement of assessment methodologies for trophic levels and capture the progression of cutting-edge research developments.</p>