Navigating sustainability: the role of government regulations and management commitment in enhancing environmental performance in Pakistan’s manufacturing sector

In today’s dynamic business environment, achieving environmental sustainability has become a key priority for manufacturing firms globally. Pakistan’s manufacturing sector, while pivotal to the country’s economic growth, also contributes significantly to environmental degradation. This study explores the relationships between green supply chain integration, sustainable technology adoption, sustainability culture and environmental performance in Pakistani manufacturing firms. It further examines the moderating effects of top management commitment and government regulations on these relationships. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a comprehensive literature review with data collected from 244 Pakistani manufacturing enterprises through questionnaires. The analysis was conducted using (PLS-SEM 4). Theoretical frameworks such as the triple bottom line (TBL), resource dependence theory, and stakeholder theory guided the research objectives. The findings reveal that green supply chain practices, sustainable technology adoption and a strong sustainability culture positively impact environmental performance. Furthermore, the positive effects of these practices are significantly enhanced by strong managerial commitment and supportive government regulations. The study emphasizes the need for firms to align with regulatory frameworks and secure leadership support to advance their sustainability efforts. In practical terms, the study suggests that while firms comply with regulatory requirements, they can further enhance their sustainability strategies by adopting sustainable technologies and fostering a culture of sustainability. The study also highlights the broader societal impact, showing how these sustainability initiatives influence consumer behaviour and societal values, contributing to a more sustainable global community.