Advancements and prospects in China’s edible rose industry: breeding, cultivation, and processing

The edible rose industry in China, with its rich history and diverse cultivars, represents a significant position within the horticultural and agricultural domains. However, there is a scarcity of information that synthesizes the industry’s current state in China and development strategies from a global perspective. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the industry in China and to pinpoint strategies for sustainable development, particularly under the new challenges such as agricultural pollution and food security, through technological innovation in breeding, cultivation and processing. Firstly, this study presents a comprehensive review of the main cultivars in China, such as Rosa rugosa ‘Plena’, Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’, R. ‘Dianhong’, R. ‘Crimson Glory’, R. ‘Jinbian’, and R. × damascena, analyzing their genetic lineage, medicinal properties, nutrients, and aromatic profiles. The findings underscore the importance of rose biodiversity and their multifaceted applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Secondly, the study explores the industry’s status in three representative regions of China: Shandong, Gansu, and Yunnan. This analysis provides insights into regional disparities, distinct industrial histories, and current standings within each area, offering a detailed understanding of the industry’s regional dynamics. Thirdly, the study discusses recent scientific advancements in edible rose research, advocating for sustainable development strategies under multiple challenges. These strategies include goal-oriented rose breeding, eco-friendly cultivation, and value-added processing. The insights from this study are expected to inform future research and practices within the edible rose industry, providing a roadmap for enhancing the industry’s competitiveness and sustainability.