Based on an environmental-friendly society, material modification technique to improve the performance of the lithium-ion battery

The development of an environmental-friendly society is closely linked to clean transportation systems, where lithium-ion battery plays a crucial role in the achieving low carbonization and low cost. In efforts to reduce the life cycle cost and carbon footprint of lithium-ion batteries in an environmental-friendly society, the technique of particle modification and regulation on cathode material was utilized in this research to enhance the lifetime. By incorporating a small amount (0.2%) of CeO₂ as the particle regulator, the particle size is optimized to 1–3 μm and Li⁺/Ni²⁺ disordering is achieved at a degree of 2.44% through the fluxing effect. The cycle life of the battery of CeO₂-modified cathode can be extended by another 297 cycles. At the same time, life cycle cost and carbon footprint are also remarkably reduced by nearly 24%. Consequently, economic and environmental performance of lithium-ion batteries can be substantially enhanced through cathode material modification.