Towards sustainable manufacturing: unpacking green practices’ impact on environmental performance in Pakistan

Based on the Resource-based view (RBV), this study examines the green practices that improve the environmental performance of manufacturing firms in Pakistan. It also investigates the mediation effects of green innovation and green knowledge sharing and the moderation effect of environmental knowledge. Using a structural questionnaire, this study collected a dataset from 429 manufacturing firms across five industries (textiles, automobiles, electronics, chemicals, and surgical equipment). The structural equation modelling partial least square (Smartpls software 4) tests the direct and indirect relationships between the variables simultaneously. The results indicate that green supply chain and knowledge management have a significant and positive connection with environmental performance. Besides, GKS and GI partially mediate the relationship between GSCM and EP, GKS and EP. Also, EK positively moderates the relationship between GKS and EP. Additionally, this study provides a new paradigm about the critical role of green resource practices in improving the EP of manufacturing sectors. This research offers significant contributions and suggestions for practitioners and policymakers to institutionalize green practices in their organizations to enhance environmental performance.