Relationship between globalization and the forest area footprint: an ardl approach for Brazil

This article aims to identify the relationship between globalization and the forest product and carbon Footprint, used as proxies for the Ecological Footprint of the forestry area, for the Brazilian context. Specifically, we verify their relationships between the main dimensions of globalization (from the KOF Globalization Index). To determine the short-run and long-run relationships between the variables, the autoregressive distributed lag approach of time series data between 1989 and 2018 is used. The main results suggest that the general globalization index does not have a significant influence on the Ecological Footprint of the forest area. However, the dimensions of disaggregated globalization—economic, social, and political—present different relationships with the Ecological Footprint of the forest area in the short and long term. In conclusion, the results provide important evidence for developing policies that encourage society to adopt trends and habits of consumption, production, and cultural aspects to mitigate the degradation of forests and air and water pollution.