Developing sustainable and efficient customer-centric strategies for a three-stage dual-channel green supply chain: a game-theoretic approach with two-part tariff contract

The current study brings to light the environmentally sustainable and efficient customer-centric economic strategies of a three-stage dual-channel green supply chain (TS-DCGSC) with a single supplier, manufacturer, and retailer. This investigation explores an amalgamation of product flow between traditional retail and online channels. In addition to the pricing strategy, the proposed model implements the greenness of products as a significant decision. This study maximizes the net profit of the entire supply chain in a centralized decision-making process and the net profit of each stakeholder in a decentralized decision-making process. One case study numerically confirms that the TS-DCGSC model aligns with its intended environmentally conscious and customer-centric approach in the centralized decision-making process. A two-part tariff (TPT) contract has been developed to ensure that each stakeholder can make rational decisions aligning with the centralized strategy. This study designed a mathematical framework for measuring contract fairness, Pareto improvement, and coordinating efficiency. The results confirm that the TPT contract is fair, promotes Pareto improvement, and successfully coordinates the TS-DCGSC.