Analysis and optimization of Guizotia abyssinica (L.) with alumina, titanium and diesel blends on DI engine combustion and emissions

Individuals are exploring alternative fuels like biodiesel due to energy scarcity and environmental concerns. Biodiesel provides benefits such reusability, environmental friendliness, and recyclability. However, biodiesel’s lower calorific value and greater density might cause the engine to take longer to start, consume more gasoline, and emit more NOx. The highest heat release rate (HRR_Max) of GAB₁₀, GAB₂₀ and GAB₃₀ was cut by 11.53, 13.59 and 16.47%, respectively. The heat release rate (HRR_Max) values of GAB₁₀, GAB₂₀ and GAB₃₀ blends are 4.33%, 4.05%, and 1.39% higher, respectively, than GAB fuel when used in an 18.5 CR engine. The HRR_Max of GAB₁₀T, GAB₂₀T and GAB₃₀T increases by 3.46%, 2.7%, and 2.27%, respectively, compared to GAB gasoline when the engine compression ratio is 18.5. When nanoparticles were added to clean diesel fuel, the manner it burned improved, particularly at a compression ratio (CR) of 16.5. The stretching vibration of C = O esters is shown by the peaks at 1744 and 1742 cm-1. Peaks at 611 cm-1 indicate the presence of a strong C-Br stretching halo complex. Peaks at 547 cm-1 represent Al-O-Al. Ti-O is represented by peaks at 431 cm-1. Nanotechnology has grown in importance in recent decades because to its obvious advantages in a variety of fields, including environmental clean-up. When nano compounds were utilised, the time it required to ignite the fuel was reduced, resulting in a shorter burning period. NO_x emissions from Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ nanoparticles are reduced by 5.5% and 3.6%, respectively, as compared to their respective biodiesel mixes. The nan additions effectively reduced NOx emissions at peak load. As a result of breakdown of NOx a harmful gas to CO₂ led to an slight increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Simultaneously, there has been a substantial reduction in particulate matter pollution.