Optimal energy system configuration for zero energy buildings using hybrid thermal-photovoltaic solar collector

One of the issues in choosing energy systems for residential buildings is achieving configurations that minimize dependence on fossil fuels and the electrical grid. Among available options, designs based on thermal photovoltaic systems are suitable choices. This study aims to implement a configuration for a domestic building to produce all electricity and hot water demands. The proposed system utilizes a thermal photovoltaic system and geothermal energy. To determine an optimal configuration, three approaches were analyzed through simulations. Performance indicators, including efficiency, grid independence, and electricity generation, were evaluated. The results showed that Configuration B, integrating flat plate and concentrating photovoltaic thermal collectors, achieved the highest annual solar fraction of 72% and the lowest grid electricity input of 7130 kWh. It also generated the maximum electricity production of 22,084 kWh annually. Configuration B was selected as the optimal design based on the decision-making criteria of maximizing efficiency and minimizing grid dependence. The analysis indicates that the optimal configuration can effectively meet the energy demands in residential buildings with minimal fossil fuel usage and grid reliance.