A dual-channel multi-objective green supply chain network design considering pricing and transportation mode choice under fuzzy uncertainty

Today, given the rising trend of e-commerce businesses, supply chain management in such chains has attracted the attention of academic societies. This research presents a multi-objective programming model to configure a dual-channel (conventional and e-commerce channels) supply chain network structure under triple uncertain sources, which jointly optimizes the allocating, pricing, and transporting decisions. Furthermore, considering the growing concerns on environmental sustainability, the environmental dimensions of the dual-channel supply chain are contributed. The proposed model minimizes the Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions associated with transportation and the production process as an objective function to meet environmental standards. Multiple modes of transportation with different costs and CO₂ emissions are considered in each distribution channel. The multi-objective fuzzy optimization model is solved by developing a fuzzy solution approach following the linearization of the proposed model. Through the use of numerical examples, the validity of the developed model and the usefulness of the solution method are demonstrated. The sensitivity analysis has also been performed to see the impact of changing some essential parameters on objective functions. The results show that the profit and environmental performance of the two-channel supply chain improve when more goods are shipped through the traditional channel than through the direct channel.