<p>This study examines the thermo-mechanical response of fiber-reinforced poro-elastic structures subjected to laser-induced thermal stresses. The analysis is developed within the framework of the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) thermoelasticity theory, with systematic comparisons made against the Green–Naghdi type III (GN-III) theory. The governing equations account for fiber reinforcement, material porosity, and thermal relaxation effects. Exact solutions for displacement, temperature, and stress fields under pulsed laser heating are obtained using normal mode analysis. A key novelty of this work is the unified integration of the MGT framework, which captures finite thermal wave speeds and three-phase-lag effects, with the Cowin–Nunziato theory of porous media. Numerical results demonstrate that the MGT model predicts sharper thermal gradients and higher stress amplitudes compared to the GN-III model, offering more realistic predictions for short-pulse laser interactions. Simulations, evaluated at different time scales, demonstrate the pronounced influence of reinforcement parameters, porosity, and laser pulse characteristics on thermoelastic wave propagation. The results highlight strong thermo-mechanical coupling, with porosity emerging as a key factor in energy dissipation. The findings contribute to the theoretical side for designing advanced composite materials intended for environments with extreme thermal transients, such as those encountered in laser processing. However, it is important to note that the study is theoretical, and the model’s predictions lack experimental validation, which remains a subject for future work.</p>