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<p>In microfabrication technology, the surface roughness of microfluidic devices plays an important role in improving mixing and reaction kinetics between the two immiscible fluids used to generate droplets. Certain external forces may also be used to manipulate the dynamics of two immiscible fluids. In this study, we formulate a mathematical model to investigate the interaction of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of two immiscible liquids in a hydrophobic microchannel with a topographically charged rough surface. We consider the Navier-slip and the variable zeta potential at the fluid–solid interface while the continuity of viscous stress and zeta potential jump at the liquid–liquid interface. Employing the perturbation technique, we obtain the analytical solution of the two-dimensional governing equations to the flow characteristics in the two-layer microchannel with periodic rough surfaces. We estimate the boundary layer thickness to predict the shear forces on the interface in the presence of a magnetic field and the amplitude of surface waviness. Our findings reveal that increased surface roughness intensifies flow field disturbances in both layers, leading to microfluidic droplet formation. The thickness of the boundary layer significantly impacts the behavior of microfluidic droplets, including their deformation, and movement toward the center of the channel. Adjusting the zeta potential difference at the fluid–fluid interface can cause one layer to move faster than the other. By controlling surface roughness, zeta potential difference, and electromagnetic fields, one can optimize the transport efficiency of ionic liquids and enhance microfluidic device performance.</p>

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Electromagnetohydrodynamic two-phase flow of immiscible electrolytes through an undulating hydrophobic microchannel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月29日

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  • Amalendu Rana,
  • Gopal Chandra Shit,
  • Motahar Reza,
  • G. P. Raja Sekhar

摘要

In microfabrication technology, the surface roughness of microfluidic devices plays an important role in improving mixing and reaction kinetics between the two immiscible fluids used to generate droplets. Certain external forces may also be used to manipulate the dynamics of two immiscible fluids. In this study, we formulate a mathematical model to investigate the interaction of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of two immiscible liquids in a hydrophobic microchannel with a topographically charged rough surface. We consider the Navier-slip and the variable zeta potential at the fluid–solid interface while the continuity of viscous stress and zeta potential jump at the liquid–liquid interface. Employing the perturbation technique, we obtain the analytical solution of the two-dimensional governing equations to the flow characteristics in the two-layer microchannel with periodic rough surfaces. We estimate the boundary layer thickness to predict the shear forces on the interface in the presence of a magnetic field and the amplitude of surface waviness. Our findings reveal that increased surface roughness intensifies flow field disturbances in both layers, leading to microfluidic droplet formation. The thickness of the boundary layer significantly impacts the behavior of microfluidic droplets, including their deformation, and movement toward the center of the channel. Adjusting the zeta potential difference at the fluid–fluid interface can cause one layer to move faster than the other. By controlling surface roughness, zeta potential difference, and electromagnetic fields, one can optimize the transport efficiency of ionic liquids and enhance microfluidic device performance.