Scholarlink

<p>Software developers reuse third-party packages that are hosted in package registries. At build time, a package manager resolves and fetches the direct and indirect dependencies of a project. Most package managers also generate a lockfile, which records the exact set of resolved dependency versions. Lockfiles are used to reduce build times; to verify the integrity of resolved packages; and to support build reproducibility across environments and time. Despite these beneficial features, developers often struggle with their maintenance, usage, and interpretation. In this study, we unveil the major challenges related to lockfiles, such that future researchers and engineers can address them. We perform the first comprehensive study of lockfiles across seven popular package managers, npm, pnpm, Cargo, Poetry, Pipenv, Gradle, and Go. First, we highlight the wide variety of design decisions that package managers make, regarding the generation process as well as the content of lockfiles. Next, we conduct a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews with 15 developers. We capture first-hand insights about the benefits that developers perceive in lockfiles, as well as the challenges they face to manage these files. Following these observations, we make five recommendations to further improve lockfiles, for a better developer experience.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

The design space of lockfiles across package managers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

查看全文
  • Yogya Gamage,
  • Deepika Tiwari,
  • Martin Monperrus,
  • Benoit Baudry

摘要

Software developers reuse third-party packages that are hosted in package registries. At build time, a package manager resolves and fetches the direct and indirect dependencies of a project. Most package managers also generate a lockfile, which records the exact set of resolved dependency versions. Lockfiles are used to reduce build times; to verify the integrity of resolved packages; and to support build reproducibility across environments and time. Despite these beneficial features, developers often struggle with their maintenance, usage, and interpretation. In this study, we unveil the major challenges related to lockfiles, such that future researchers and engineers can address them. We perform the first comprehensive study of lockfiles across seven popular package managers, npm, pnpm, Cargo, Poetry, Pipenv, Gradle, and Go. First, we highlight the wide variety of design decisions that package managers make, regarding the generation process as well as the content of lockfiles. Next, we conduct a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews with 15 developers. We capture first-hand insights about the benefits that developers perceive in lockfiles, as well as the challenges they face to manage these files. Following these observations, we make five recommendations to further improve lockfiles, for a better developer experience.