<p>Agricultural non-point source pollution, primarily arising from the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland, has become a significant obstacle to the high-quality development of agriculture in China. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the occurrence patterns and control methods of agricultural non-point source pollution, examining the key factors that influence it. It systematically organizes control strategies based on the approach of "source reduction—process interruption—end purification—policy and social participation." A comprehensive analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, and limiting factors of different control strategies in practical applications is also provided. Future efforts should focus on strengthening the monitoring of agricultural non-point source pollution and establishing risk assessment models. Additionally, it is essential to explore a source control system for agricultural non-point source pollution, primarily based on fertilization optimization, complemented by various other measures, to enhance the purification effectiveness of pollution treatment facilities. Furthermore, establishing a highly applicable green and low-carbon comprehensive prevention and control technology model for non-point source pollution in intensive agricultural areas will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper offers important references and guidance for future governance of agricultural non-point source pollution.</p>