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<p>Jayanti Ki Rao (JKR) Choe, a prominent channel in Kharar, Punjab, has faced significant pollution challenges due to industrial discharges and urban runoff, threatening crop productivity, health and environmental risks to farmers and downstream communities. Phyco + Bioremediation was achieved through routine dosage of commercial products “Aquaritin” and “Bioritin,” which are nutrient formulations designed for the selective enhancement of beneficial microalgae and bacteria, respectively. Seventy-percent reduction in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 66% reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were observed. Total N and ammoniacal N decreased by 30% and 46%, respectively. Microalgal population showed a considerable increase of nearly sevenfold and ~ 20-fold dissolved oxygen levels during treatment. COD and BOD had decreased by 79% and 85% resp. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully identified PC1 as the dominant pollution component, PC2 as a nutrient–alkalinity control component, and PC3 as a secondary geochemical component, providing a clear multivariate understanding of water-quality changes across treatment stages. PC1 primarily reflects organic load (BOD, COD), suspended/dissolved solids, electrical conductivity (TSS, TDS, and EC), and microbial contamination, while PC2 was associated with nutrient load and pH dynamics. PC3 represents secondary geochemical and ionic variability. A clear spatial progression is observed across treatment stages. Our field investigation on the 47 MLD (million liters per day) JKR channel strongly advocates a sustainable, nature-based solution comprising phycoremediation involving microalgae and bacterial consortia, which can significantly improve the water quality of natural water bodies, including drains and ponds, that also benefit the local population through reduction of waste and reuse of treated water for irrigation, thus promoting a circular economy and enhancing quality of life.</p>

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Year-long cumulative effect assessment of water quality and sludge reduction in Jayanti Ki Rao channel through strategized biological treatment using principal component analysis—a case study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Rashi Vishwakarma,
  • Nisha Gupta,
  • Devesh Gautam,
  • Mohit Koranga,
  • Pooja Vaswani,
  • Sunil Nanda,
  • Shefali Nanda

摘要

Jayanti Ki Rao (JKR) Choe, a prominent channel in Kharar, Punjab, has faced significant pollution challenges due to industrial discharges and urban runoff, threatening crop productivity, health and environmental risks to farmers and downstream communities. Phyco + Bioremediation was achieved through routine dosage of commercial products “Aquaritin” and “Bioritin,” which are nutrient formulations designed for the selective enhancement of beneficial microalgae and bacteria, respectively. Seventy-percent reduction in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and 66% reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were observed. Total N and ammoniacal N decreased by 30% and 46%, respectively. Microalgal population showed a considerable increase of nearly sevenfold and ~ 20-fold dissolved oxygen levels during treatment. COD and BOD had decreased by 79% and 85% resp. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully identified PC1 as the dominant pollution component, PC2 as a nutrient–alkalinity control component, and PC3 as a secondary geochemical component, providing a clear multivariate understanding of water-quality changes across treatment stages. PC1 primarily reflects organic load (BOD, COD), suspended/dissolved solids, electrical conductivity (TSS, TDS, and EC), and microbial contamination, while PC2 was associated with nutrient load and pH dynamics. PC3 represents secondary geochemical and ionic variability. A clear spatial progression is observed across treatment stages. Our field investigation on the 47 MLD (million liters per day) JKR channel strongly advocates a sustainable, nature-based solution comprising phycoremediation involving microalgae and bacterial consortia, which can significantly improve the water quality of natural water bodies, including drains and ponds, that also benefit the local population through reduction of waste and reuse of treated water for irrigation, thus promoting a circular economy and enhancing quality of life.